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The Assam Accord 1985 — What It Promised, What It Delivered, and How It Led to the NRC

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The Assam Accord 1985 — What It Promised, What It Delivered, and How It Led to the NRC The Assam Accord 1985 — What It Promised, What It Delivered, and How It Led to the NRC By BUGLE  |  June 2026  |  Last updated: June 2026  |  13 min read The short answer: The Assam Accord was signed on August 15, 1985 between the Government of India and the leaders of the All Assam Students' Union (AASU) to end a six-year anti-foreigner agitation. It promised to identify and deport illegal migrants who entered Assam after March 24, 1971, protect Assamese cultural identity, and update the National Register of Citizens. Forty years later, the detection and deportation of post-1971 migrants has barely happened, the NRC update it mandated excluded 1.9 million people but sent almost none back to Bangladesh, and the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019 — which offers citizenship to non-Muslim migrants from Bangladesh — is widely seen in Assam as a direct...
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What Is Jhum Cultivation? — Why Northeast India's Shifting Agriculture Persists, and What the Debate Is Really About

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What Is Jhum Cultivation? — Why Northeast India's Shifting Agriculture Persists, and What the Debate Is Really About What Is Jhum Cultivation? — Why Northeast India's Shifting Agriculture Persists, and What the Debate Is Really About By BUGLE  |  June 2026  |  Last updated: June 2026  |  11 min read The short answer: Jhum cultivation — also called shifting cultivation or slash-and-burn agriculture — is a traditional farming method practised by tribal communities across Northeast India's hill regions. A plot of forest is cleared by cutting and burning vegetation, crops are grown for one to three seasons, and then the plot is left to regenerate while the farmer moves to a new plot. When practised with adequate fallow periods of 10–20 years, it is a sustainable and ecologically intelligent system. When fallow periods collapse to 2–3 years under population pressure — as is increasingly happening — it causes serious deforestation and soil de...
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Who Are the Naga People? — Tribes, Identity, and Why "Naga" Means Many Different Things

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Who Are the Naga People? — Tribes, Identity, and Why "Naga" Means Many Different Things Blogger publishing instructions — Post 3 of 10 Blogger > New Post Title: HTML view > paste everything inside div id="post-body" Labels: N Search Description: . Internal links: link from your Nagaland peace talks post at every mention of "Naga people" to this post Publish Who Are the Naga People? — Tribes, Identity, and Why "Naga" Means Many Different Things By BUGLE  |  June 2026  |  Last updated: June 2026  |  12 min read BUGLE has covered Naga politics and identity since 2008 — including our detailed post on the Nagaland peace talks. This post gives you the cultural and historical foundation that makes those politics comprehensible. What is in this guide Where the Nagas live — geography and spread Where the name "Naga" comes from Who counts as Naga — and why ...
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The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution — What It Actually Means, Which Areas It Covers, and Why It Matters in 2026

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The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution — What It Actually Means, Which Areas It Covers, and Why It Matters in 2026 The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution — What It Actually Means, Which Areas It Covers, and Why It Matters in 2026 By BUGLE  |  June 2026  |  Last updated: June 2026  |  12 min read Why this matters right now: The Sixth Schedule is in the news more than at any point since it was written. Ladakh has been demanding Sixth Schedule status since 2019 — protests turned violent in September 2025 and prominent activist Sonam Wangchuk was detained under the National Security Act. Kuki-Zo communities in Manipur have demanded Sixth Schedule-style autonomous councils since June 2023. Gorkha leaders in Darjeeling are demanding it as an alternative to full statehood. Understanding what the Sixth Schedule actually is — and what it gives versus what it does not — is essential for making sense of all three of these demands sim...
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